Preschool Education – How Children Under 7 Are Raised And Taught

Competently organized upbringing and education of a child before school is the key to the development of his thinking, memory, attention, imagination, speech and physical health. Without these basic qualities, it will not be possible to successfully adapt in primary school, to master the program of the subsequent stages of education, to be realized on a personal, social, professional level. That is why the age from birth to 7 years old plays a fundamental role in the formation of a person, and much attention is paid to preschool education at the state level.

What Is Early Childhood Education?

Preschool education in the world is understood as upbringing. Training and development of preschool children (from 2 months to 7 years old), supervision and care of them, and their improvement. It is not required. Parents can raise their child to school at home or take him to a preschool education institution (kindergarten). A general education institution (preschool), an additional education institution (early development center).

Preschool Education Is Based On The Following Principles:

• Each child fully lives through all stages of childhood.
• Education is appropriate for the age of the children.
• Education and upbringing are carried out taking into account the characteristics of each child.
• The child is recognized as a full-fledged subject of preschool education.
• Cognitive interests and activities are formed in children with the help of different types and forms of activity.
• Children get acquainted with the traditions and socio-cultural norms of the family, society and country.
• The teacher supports the child’s initiative in all activities.
• The preschool educational institution actively interacts with the families of the pupils.
• Ethnocultural characteristics of each child’s upbringing are taken into account.

Goals And Objectives Of Preschool Education

Nursery is the first link in the educational system. The goals and objectives of modern preschool education are associated with the all-round development of the preschooler. The employees of the preschool educational institution not only look after the children while the parents are at work, but also create conditions for strengthening their physical health, for social and personal, individual, artistic and aesthetic development, teach in general and correctional programs, and prepare for entering school. Educators necessarily interact with the families of children.

Modern Concept Of Preschool Education

The system of preschool education has no analogues in the world, primarily in terms of accessibility – all citizens of the country can send a child to kindergarten for free.

Children can be in preschool institutions for several hours (in groups of short-term stays), all day (usually from 7-8 to 18-19 hours) or around the clock.

Children are sent to kindergarten so that they are not only supervised while their parents are at work, but also:

• were trained in educational programs – general or correctional; 
• socialized;
• physically developed;

Underwent Regular Medical Examinations

A teacher in a kindergarten introduces children to new concepts and phenomena, stimulates an interest in knowledge. This makes it easier for children to adapt to primary school.

Types Of Preschool Educational Institutions

Preschool education in can be obtained in the following institutions:

A kindergarten is an institution that implements an educational program in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of DO. It can be general, combined (groups of different orientations), compensatory type (groups for children with disabilities), health-improving, with a priority direction of development (intellectual, physical, etc.).

The Center for Child Development is an institution with an educational program that exceeds the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for DO. In such preschool educational institutions, an emphasis is placed on the intellectual and artistic, and aesthetic development of children. The center may include an art studio, a children’s theater, a swimming pool, a computer class, etc.

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